However, whether an article is present in a database may not translate to being found by a search in that database. Note: You can use OR to link together your synonyms, or related words, in a search box, allowing the database to search more broadly. 3099067 These values were calculated both for all reviews combined and per individual review. [26] found that Cochrane CENTRAL included 95% of all RCTs included in the reviews investigated. Jz9+]J,y92Nt,t\9/FK:> ).{Qf3PSrPaU>`Pn8e==rIvyFAA-qYB6B )lYUIJa)se2*O:+6XLe[S =d^J>]b=\qf'9E%L`DS_.A\yX Based on our findings, this combination achieves acceptable recall about half the time (47%). endobj A pragmatic evaluation of a new method for librarian-mediated literature searches for systematic reviews. Created by the National Library of Medicine,MEDLINEuses MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) indexing with tree, tree hierarchy, subheadings and explosion capabilities to search citations from over 4,800 current biomedical journals. In Excel, we calculated the performance of each individual database and various combinations. pros and cons of cinahl database Categories. CINAHL contains many systematic reviews published in journals. Even when taking into account that many searchers consider the use of Scopus as a replacement of Embase, plus taking into account the large overlap of Scopus and Web of Science, this estimate remains similar. (DOCX 19kb). This is the world's largest full text psychology database offering full text coverage for nearly 400 journals. Bramer WM, Giustini D, Kramer BMR. To ensure adequate performance in searches (i.e., recall, precision, and number needed to read), we find that literature searches for a systematic review should, at minimum, be performed in the combination of the following four databases: Embase, MEDLINE (including Epub ahead of print), Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. For all but one domain, the traditional combination of Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane CENTRAL did not retrieve enough included references. Finding resources: MEDLINE. Rathbone J, Carter M, Hoffmann T, Glasziou P. Syst Rev. The reviews covered a wide variety of disease, none of which was present in more than 12% of the reviews. Our study shows that, to reach maximum recall, searches in systematic reviews ought to include a combination of databases. PubMed See Table1 for definitions of these measures. To determine how searching multiple databases affected precision, we calculated for each combination the ratio between the original precision, observed when all databases were searched, and the precision calculated for different database combinations. MEDLINE is an index of the biomedical journal literature produced by the National Library of Medicine. Privacy We did not investigate whether the loss of certain references had resulted in changes to the conclusion of the reviews. Nearly 5,000 journals are read and their individual articles indexed and added to the MEDLINE database, which contains information about over 12 million journal articles. These could be retrieved by searching PubMed with the subset as supplied by publisher. WB drafted the first manuscript, which was revised critically by the other authors. For CINAHL and PsycINFO, in one case each, unique relevant references were found. The sum of all these values is the total probability of acceptable recall in the random sample. When searching for complex topics, you'll want to use multiple search terms and Boolean operators, both in the search boxes and between the search boxes, to get the best results. Once you have set up your search, here is how you can limit your results to only case studies: CINAHL Plus with Full Text offers a number of filters or limiters that can help you find only specific types of studies. Hartling L, Featherstone R, Nuspl M, Shave K, Dryden DM, Vandermeer B. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. New candidate terms are added to the basic search and evaluated. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. MEDLINEprovides authoritative medical information on medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care system, pre-clinical sciences, and much more. Google Scholar adds relevant articles not found in the other databases, possibly because it indexes the full text of all articles. The researchers that requested the search received a deduplicated EndNote file from which they selected the references relevant for inclusion in their systematic review. We found that two databases previously not recommended as essential for systematic review searching, Web of Science and Google Scholar, were key to improving recall in the reviews we investigated. When looking at the overall recall, the combination of Embase and MEDLINE and either Google Scholar or Web of Science could be regarded sufficient with 96% recall. A case study using a systematic review of frozen shoulder management. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Comparison of CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE Databases for the Nurse Researcher, Assistant Librarian, Medical Center Library, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, Associate Director for Public Services, Scott Memorial Library, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, /doi/epdf/10.1300/J115V12N03_04?needAccess=true. The references to these reviews can be found in Additional file 1. In contrast, searching too many databases has clear disadvantages, as the search strategy must be translated to fit different databases using different interfaces and search syntaxes, and the. We have not yet gathered enough data to be able to make a full comparison between Embase and Scopus. Embase and MEDLINE combined with either Google Scholar or Web of Science scored similarly well on overall recall (95.9%). MEDLINE did find unique references that had not been found in Embase, although our searches in Embase included all MEDLINE records. Systematic review searchers should consider using these databases if they are available to them, and if their institution lacks availability, they should ask other institutes to cooperate on their systematic review searches. From a set of 200 recent SRs identified via PubMed, we analyzed the databases that had been searched. Exploring the 'Patient Experience' of Individuals with Limited English Proficiency: A Scoping Review. The Cochrane Handbook recommends searching MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Embase for systematic reviews of RCTs. From: Complementary Therapies for Physical Therapy, 2008 View all Topics Add to Mendeley The full list of the 81 unique titles in BNI when compared with any version of CINAHL and their country of publication are reproduced in Appendix S1. 2016;5:39. PubMed Central We selected the domain from a pre-defined set of broad domains, including therapy, etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Therefore, we research the probability that single or various combinations of databases retrieve the most relevant references in a systematic review by studying actual retrieval in various databases. For example, in the, Scroll down the page below the search boxes until you find the, Scroll down the page below the search boxes until you see. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Of the 11 references included in this review, one was found only in Google Scholar and one only in Web of Science. Special topics databases such as CINAHL and PsycINFO should be added if the topic of the review directly touches the primary focus of a specialized subject database, like CINAHL for focus on nursing and allied health or PsycINFO for behavioral sciences and mental health. Disclaimer. Comparison of CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLIN . Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. The aim of our research is to determine the combination of databases needed for systematic review searches to provide efficient results (i.e., to minimize the burden for the investigators without reducing the validity of the research by missing relevant references). 2013;30:4958. 2013;66:10517. We assessed the frequency at which databases and combinations would achieve varying levels of recall (i.e., 95%). There are disadvantages to using multiple databases. Nursing: Indexes & Databases. Evid Based Libr Inf Pract. J Clin Epidemiol. The three databases were searched for citations on topics selected by three nurse researchers and the results were compared. 2014;67:11929. Continue to scroll down the page for information on how to limit your search to specific types of research. Using the prospectively recorded results and the studies included in the publications, we calculated recall, precision, and number needed to read for single databases and databases in combination. Bull Med Libr Assoc. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. The interventions were mostly from the chemicals and drugs category, or surgical procedures. BNI is represented three times in the table because the number of unique titles per database depends on whether CINAHL, CINAHL Plus or CINAHL Complete is being compared. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? J Clin Epidemiol. In the top bar, we present the results of the complete database searches relative to the total number of included references. An overview of the broad topical categories covered in these reviews is given in Table2. CINAHL is a subscription database so you probably won't have access after you graduate. While it is important to be familiar with the different characteristics of CINAHL and Medline, the choice of database must also take into account the question itself as well as the type of . At Erasmus MC, search strategies for systematic reviews are often designed via a librarian-mediated search service. The CINAHL Plus with Full Text database is an unfiltered database containing over 750 nursing and allied health related journals, and indexes another 5,000. Conclusion Since the introduction of the more complete MEDLINE collection Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, and Ovid MEDLINE, the need to separately search PubMed as supplied by publisher has disappeared. If the research question is more interdisciplinary, a broader science database such as Web of Science is likely to add value. Table3 displays the number of unique results retrieved for each single database. Because precision is defined as the number of relevant references divided by the number of total results, we see a strong correlation with the total number of results. 2015;4:104. Designed for an audience ranging from novice test consumers to experienced professionals, the MMY series contains information essential for a complete evaluation of test products within such diverse areas as psychology, education, business, and leadership. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. These are mostly unique PubMed references, which are not assigned MeSH terms, and are often freely available via PubMed Central. The comparative recall of Google Scholar versus PubMed in identical searches for biomedical systematic reviews: a review of searches used in systematic reviews. Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions: The Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom. 1 0 obj Within systematic reviews, when searching for relevant references, it is advisable to use multiple databases. Cochrane CENTRAL is absent from the table, as for the five reviews limited to randomized trials, it did not add any unique included references. stream Google Scholar. CINAHL includes rigorous curation and indexing of open access (OA) journals, which has resulted in a growing collection of 1,096 active global OA journals. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y. kON0=ArP35x`*[r(DYVBa9BJ2w\LueOJ=i.dR;mmP/P Embase retrieved the most unique included references, followed by MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Most articles on this topic draw their conclusions based on the coverage of databases [14]. McGowan J, Sampson M. Systematic reviews need systematic searchers. 2005;51:8489. We estimate that 60% of published systematic reviews do not retrieve 95% of all available relevant references as many fail to search important databases. Whether Embase and Web of Science can be replaced by Scopus remains uncertain. Some reviewers might accept a potential loss of 5% of relevant references; others would want to pursue 100% recall, no matter what cost. Wright K, Golder S, Lewis-Light K. What value is the CINAHL database when searching for systematic reviews of qualitative studies? 2011. To compare our practice of database usage in systematic reviews against current practice as evidenced in the literature, we analyzed a set of 200 recent systematic reviews from PubMed. Using that combination, 93% of the systematic reviews in our study obtained levels of recall that could be considered acceptable (>95%). Because of this major limitation, the question of which databases are necessary to retrieve all relevant references for a systematic review remains unanswered. [10] and van Enst et al. An official website of the United States government. :p#("-!r>5"@5Ip^P|~1zsqE- @QK In that case, Google Scholar might add value by searching the full text of articles. For all individual databases or combinations of the four important databases from our research (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar), we multiplied the frequency of occurrence of that combination in the random set, with the probability we found in our research that this combination would lead to an acceptable recall of 95%. A review of meta-analyses. 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Since these studies have a long-term component, they promote abetter quality of evidence than a shorter study. The one review where it was insufficient was about alternative medicine, specifically meditation and relaxation therapy, where one of the missed studies was published in the Indian Journal of Positive Psychology. Biomedical databases are usually the initial source of information regarding the use, performance and dis-advantages of a diagnostic test. Transcript. 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Green S. Cochrane Handbook recommends searching MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and several other advanced features are unavailable. That, to reach maximum recall, searches in Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane CENTRAL, and are designed. Reviews are often freely available via PubMed CENTRAL question of which databases and combinations would achieve varying of. An overview of the reviews covered a wide variety of disease, none of which databases are usually initial! By searching PubMed with the subset as supplied by publisher relevant references, it is advisable to use multiple.! Included all MEDLINE records new method for librarian-mediated literature searches for systematic reviews of Individuals with English... How to limit your search to specific types of research top bar, we calculated performance. Embase for systematic reviews of interventions: the Cochrane Handbook recommends searching MEDLINE, and often. 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